Trade Knowledge Hub

BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor) and CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor) typically add 20-35% to an ocean freight quote yet remain the least readable lines on a carrier invoice. How they are computed in 2026, range tables by route, and three levers to negotiate them down.

Full comparison of 20ft, 40ft standard, 40ft High Cube and 45ft HC ocean containers: real internal dimensions, payload limits, freight cost-per-cubic-meter ratios, and a decision matrix. Three worked examples for US, UK, and India importers.

Chinese leather footwear was hit with a 16.5% EU anti-dumping duty between 2006 and 2011 (Reg 1472/2006). In 2026 that duty is no longer in force: here is what is actually true today, the anti-circumvention probes still open, and the TARIC method to verify your HS code before ordering.

Morocco is positioning itself as the most credible China-alternative for EU and West-African importers: zero tariffs under the EU-Morocco DCFTA, Tangier Med 5-7 days from Marseille, mature textile, automotive and seafood clusters. Full guide: agreements, ports, sectors and a Morocco-vs-China cost comparison for 2026.

Operational 2026 guide to LCL ocean groupage shipments into Africa: which African ports really accept LCL, transit times from Shanghai, Mumbai and London to Dakar, Abidjan, Lagos, Mombasa, Durban; cost structure (W/M, CFS, demurrage), and the three traps that double the final invoice.

You need to import a product for the first time and no obvious HS code applies. Five-step methodology, official sources to consult (HTS, CROSS rulings, WCO Explanatory Notes, ICEGATE for India), three worked examples in $/lb, and the procedure to obtain a binding tariff ruling (CBP / HMRC) when the classification is uncertain.

Importing from Turkey into Algeria in 2026: why AfCFTA does not apply, how the 2009 preferential agreement actually works, the DAPS safeguard duty trap, and three landed-cost worked examples from Istanbul to the port of Algiers.

Your air shipment is rarely billed at the scale weight. Understand the IATA 1:6000 standard, the 1:5000 express courier divisor used by DHL/FedEx/UPS, the imperial 166 in³/lb conversion, and three worked examples for US, UK and India shippers.

Step-by-step Dubai customs clearance in 2026: Mirsal 2 e-clearance, 5% GCC duty, 5% VAT, free zones (JAFZA, DAFZA, DMCC), required documents, common pitfalls. Cost table, worked examples and practical procedure for sourcing and re-export through Dubai.

China's zero tariff does not auto-trigger at the border: you must produce a valid FORM E or Certificate of Origin. Here is the exact procedure for 8 African countries (Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa, Ethiopia), with costs, lead times, common pitfalls and the full document checklist.

Complete 2026 guide to AEO certification: AEOC vs AEOS vs AEOF differences, quantified benefits (30-70% fewer physical inspections, reduced bank guarantees), eligibility criteria, audit timeline (8 to 12 months), implementation cost, and mutual recognition with US CTPAT, China AA, Japan AEO, UK and Switzerland.

The slogan "100 % of tariff lines" does not mean every African product enters China for free. Coal kept at 3-6 %, active anti-dumping measures, TRQs on sugar and cotton, non-tariff requirements (CCC, NMPA, CIFER): here is the precise map of what stays taxed or regulated despite the 14 February 2026 announcement.